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Linux-ArchLinux安装全过程

arch linux安装全过程

1、设置时区


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timedatectl set-timezones Asia/Shanghai

2、分区


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cfdisk

分区如下

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200M EFI System
95G Linux filesystem
4.8G Linux swap

3、格式化分区

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mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2

mkswap /dev/sda3
swapon /dev/sda3

4、挂载分区

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mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

5、安装镜像

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pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware

生成fstab

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genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Chroot

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arch-chroot /mnt

设置时区

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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc

安装vim

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pacman -S vim

安装sudo

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pacman -S sudo

安装yay

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pacman -S yay

本地化

/etc/locale.genen_US.UTF-8zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8前面的#删除

然后执行以下命令

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locale-gen

创建网络服务

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pacman -S networkmanager
systemctl enable NetworkManager

GRUB引导

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pacman -S grub os-prober
pacman -S efibootmgr
mkdir /boot/efi
mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=ArchLinux
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

添加用户

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useradd -m -g wheel wjs
passwd wjs #设置用户密码
passwd #设置root密码

桌面

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pacman -S xf86-video-vesa xf86-video-intel
pacman -S xorg sddm i3-gaps
// 安装窗口透明支持软件
pacman -S compton
pacman -S mesa-demos
// 安装状态条
在 /etc/pacman.conf 文件末尾添加两行:
[archlinuxcn]
SigLevel=Never
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

pacman -Sy

sudo pacman -S polybar

// 安装快捷程序启动
pacman -S rofi

// 安装墙纸设置软件
pacman -S feh
systemctl enable sddm
pacman -S terminology

// 文件浏览器
pacman -S ranger

安装终端
pacman -S mate-terminal

添加字体

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pacman -S adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts
pacman -S adobe-source-han-sans-tw-fonts
pacman -S adobe-source-han-sans-jp-fonts

[选装]如果是vmware虚拟机的话,请安装以下程序

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pacman -S open-vm-tools
pacman -S xf86-input-vmmouse xf86-video-vmware
systemctl start vmtoolsd.service
systemctl enable vmtoolsd.service
systemctl start vmware-vmblock-fuse.service
systemctl enable vmware-vmblock-fuse.service

设置原生窗口隐藏

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# This file has been auto-generated by i3-config-wizard(1).
# It will not be overwritten, so edit it as you like.
#
# Should you change your keyboard layout some time, delete
# this file and re-run i3-config-wizard(1).
#

# i3 config file (v4)
#
# Please see https://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html for a complete reference!

set $mod Mod4

#设置窗口边框等等
new_window none
new_float normal
hide_edge_borders both

#设置窗口间距
gaps inner 8
gaps outer 6

# 设置截图快捷键 ,先安装mate-utils, sudo pacman -S mate-utils
bindsym $mod+p exec mate-screenshot -i

#登录时 启用窗口透明
exec --no-startup-id picom -b #如果不行就用picom --no-vsync
#登陆时 随机选择壁纸 ,~/Pictures/DesktopBackground 下要放几张图片
exec --no-startup-id feh --randomize --bg-fill ~/Pictures/DesktopBackground
# 登陆时启动polybar
exec --no-startup-id ~/.config/polybar/launch.sh
#登录时启动fcitx
exec --no-startup-id fcitx

# Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
# is used in the bar {} block below.
font pango:monospace 8

# This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left
# text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango).
#font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 8

# The combination of xss-lock, nm-applet and pactl is a popular choice, so
# they are included here as an example. Modify as you see fit.

# xss-lock grabs a logind suspend inhibit lock and will use i3lock to lock the
# screen before suspend. Use loginctl lock-session to lock your screen.
exec --no-startup-id xss-lock --transfer-sleep-lock -- i3lock --nofork

# NetworkManager is the most popular way to manage wireless networks on Linux,
# and nm-applet is a desktop environment-independent system tray GUI for it.
exec --no-startup-id nm-applet


# Use pactl to adjust volume in PulseAudio.
set $refresh_i3status killall -SIGUSR1 i3status
bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioMicMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle && $refresh_i3status

# Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position
floating_modifier $mod

# start a terminal
bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal

# kill focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill

#设置快捷程序启动为rofi
# start dmenu (a program launcher)
#bindsym $mod+d exec dmenu_run
# There also is the (new) i3-dmenu-desktop which only displays applications
# shipping a .desktop file. It is a wrapper around dmenu, so you need that
# installed.
# bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id i3-dmenu-desktop
bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id rofi -show drun


# change focus
bindsym $mod+j focus left
bindsym $mod+k focus down
bindsym $mod+l focus up
bindsym $mod+semicolon focus right

# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Left focus left
bindsym $mod+Down focus down
bindsym $mod+Up focus up
bindsym $mod+Right focus right

# move focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+j move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+k move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+l move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+semicolon move right

# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right

# split in horizontal orientation
bindsym $mod+h split h

# split in vertical orientation
bindsym $mod+v split v

# enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
bindsym $mod+f fullscreen toggle

# change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split)
bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split

# toggle tiling / floating
bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle

# change focus between tiling / floating windows
bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle

# focus the parent container
bindsym $mod+a focus parent

# focus the child container
#bindsym $mod+d focus child

# Define names for default workspaces for which we configure key bindings later on.
# We use variables to avoid repeating the names in multiple places.
set $ws1 "1"
set $ws2 "2"
set $ws3 "3"
set $ws4 "4"
set $ws5 "5"
set $ws6 "6"
set $ws7 "7"
set $ws8 "8"
set $ws9 "9"
set $ws10 "10"

# switch to workspace
bindsym $mod+1 workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+2 workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+3 workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+4 workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+5 workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+6 workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+7 workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+8 workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+9 workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+0 workspace number $ws10

# move focused container to workspace
bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace number $ws10

# reload the configuration file
bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload
# restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
# exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -B 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'"

# resize window (you can also use the mouse for that)
mode "resize" {
# These bindings trigger as soon as you enter the resize mode

# Pressing left will shrink the window’s width.
# Pressing right will grow the window’s width.
# Pressing up will shrink the window’s height.
# Pressing down will grow the window’s height.
bindsym j resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
bindsym k resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
bindsym l resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
bindsym semicolon resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

# same bindings, but for the arrow keys
bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

# back to normal: Enter or Escape or $mod+Shift+r
bindsym Return mode "default"
bindsym Escape mode "default"
bindsym $mod+r mode "default"
}

bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"

# 关掉i3bar
# Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status
# finds out, if available)
#bar {
# status_command i3status
#}


# exec --no-startup-id conky -c ~/.conkyrc

vmware窗口分辨率自动适配

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自动适配的意思是,当你在宿主机里缩放 VMware 窗口之后,Arch 作为客户机系统,应该自动根据主系统窗口的新尺寸来调整分辨率。

方案 1
确保在设置里开启了自动适配。

VMware Worksation 的这一设置位于:View -> Autosize -> Autofit Guest

方案 2
分辨率自动适配的功能依赖 gtkmm 和 gtk2 软件包。确保客户机里装上这两个包。如果你没安装 X,或者你使用的桌面环境不依赖 GTK(比如 KDE),那么你需要手动安装这两个包。

方案 3
通过 mkinitcpio.conf 加载以下模块:

/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
MODULES="vsock vmw_vsock_vmci_transport vmw_balloon vmw_vmci vmwgfx"
然后运行:

# mkinitcpio -p linux
再重启试试看。

方案 4
启用 vmtoolsd.service.
文章作者: 咲夜南梦
文章链接: http://yoursite.com/2020/08/07/Linux-ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E5%85%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B/
版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特别声明外,均采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明来自 咲夜南梦's 博客
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